Rhizobacteria Induce Growth Promotion and Fusarium Wilt Disease Suppression in Watermelon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/agrotech.v3i1.8.2024Keywords:
Rhizobacteria, Pseudomonads, plant growth promotion, disease suppression, Fusarium wilt, watermelonAbstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation is important for Malaysia's agricultural sector, accounting for approximately 8.8% of tropical fresh fruit production in 2021, primarily concentrated in Kelantan, Pahang, Johor, and Terengganu. Production dropped from 2016 to 2021, but showed resilience recently, bouncing back to 136 kilotonnes in 2022. Watermelon serves as a key export commodity, reaching markets in Singapore, China, and the Middle East. However, Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fon), poses significant challenges, resulting in yield losses ranging from 30% to 80%. The disease thrives in warm, moist climates and can persist in soil for years, posing a long-term threat to cultivation. Management strategies like using resistant crop varieties, rotating crops, and cultural practices are used, but chemical control is limited by environmental concerns and other restrictions. Continuous watermelon cultivation depletes soil nutrients and increases pathogen buildup due to the crop exhausting essential nutrients and promoting disease-causing organisms, thereby reducing soil health and crop yield. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) show promise in enhancing plant growth, suppressing pathogens, and improving soil sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of selected rhizobacteria species in promoting watermelon growth and suppressing Fusarium wilt in vitro. The tested rhizobacteria were identified as Pseudomonas atagonensis, P. resinovorans, P. germanica, P. alcaligenes, and P. glycinae. The production of fluorescence pigments was assessed using King's B medium and were detected in P. atagonensis and P. glycinae. The bacteria were further evaluated for their plant growth-promoting abilities, revealing that P. atagonensis, P. resinovorans, P. germanica, and P. glycinae exhibit nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and potassium solubilization activities. Fusarium wilt disease suppression was assessed via dual culture techniques by measuring the inhibition zone. Results indicated that P. atagonensis exhibited the highest inhibition zone (10 mm), followed by P. glycinae (5.3 mm) and P. alcaligenes (4 mm) compared to the control. Overall, this study suggests that Pseudomonas species can induce growth promotion and suppress Fusarium wilt disease in watermelon.
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