Mulch Type and NPK Fertilizer Effects on Growth and Yield of Long Bean
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/aseana.v5i2.2.2025Keywords:
Long bean, mulch type, NPK fertilizer yield components, sustainable cultivationAbstract
Long bean (Vigna unguiculata) is an important vegetable crop with high economic value; however, its productivity is strongly influenced by cultivation practices, particularly mulching and fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different mulch types and NPK fertilizer dosages on the growth and yield of long bean plants. The experiment was conducted from August to October 2023 in Gadudero Village, Sukolilo District, Pati Regency, Indonesia. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications was used. The first factor was mulch type, consisting of no mulch (M0), straw mulch (M1), and silver-black plastic mulch (M2). The second factor was NPK fertilizer dosage, namely 150 kg ha⁻¹ (N1), 200 kg ha⁻¹ (N2), and 250 kg ha⁻¹ (N3). Observed parameters included plant height, flowering age, number of productive branches, number of pods per plant, fresh pod weight, fresh biomass weight, and dry biomass weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% level when significant differences were detected. The results showed that mulch type significantly affected the number of pods per plant, whereas NPK fertilizer dosage had no significant effect on all observed parameters. Silver-black plastic mulch produced the highest number of pods per plant (14.72 pods), significantly higher than straw mulch and the control. No significant interaction between mulch type and NPK dosage was observed for all growth and yield parameters. The absence of NPK fertilizer effects was presumably due to residual soil fertility from previous intensive fertilization. In conclusion, the use of silver-black plastic mulch effectively increased long bean yield, while the lowest NPK dosage (150 kg ha⁻¹) was sufficient under the experimental soil conditions. These findings suggest that optimizing mulch application can enhance yield efficiency while reducing excessive fertilizer use.
Downloads
References
Abebe, B., & Workayehu, T. (2015). Effect of method of sowing and time of di-ammonium phosphate (dap) fertilizer application, on yield and yield components of tef (Eragrostis tef) Trotter) at Shebedino, Southern Ethiopia. Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 3, 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-8863.1000168
Akter, S. (2017). Management of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Through Insecticides, Botanicals And Light Reflecting Silver Colored Mulch (Doctoral Dissertation, Department Of Plant Pathology, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University). http://archive.saulibrary.edu.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/278
Amare, G., & Desta, B. (2021). Coloured plastic mulches: impact on soil properties and crop productivity. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-020-00201-8
Bahadur, S., Pradhan, S., Verma, S., Maurya, R., & Verma, S. K. (2018). Role of plastic mulch in soil health and crop productivity. Climate change and its implications on crop production and food security, 338-344.
Erves, A. (2025). Introduction and Evaluation of Barley and Dry Bean Crop Rotation System in Alabama (Master's thesis, Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University).
Galembeck, F., Galembeck, A., & Santos, L. P. D. (2019). NPK: essentials for sustainability. Química Nova, 42(10), 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170441
Islam, S. S., Adhikary, S., Mostafa, M., & Hossain, M. M. (2024). Vegetable beans: comprehensive insights into diversity, production, nutritional benefits, sustainable cultivation and future prospects. OnLine J. Biol. Sci, 24, 477-494. https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.477.494
Kader, M. A., Singha, A., Begum, M. A., Jewel, A., Khan, F. H., & Khan, N. I. (2019). Mulching as water-saving technique in dryland agriculture. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0186-7
Kihara, J., Nziguheba, G., Zingore, S., Coulibaly, A., Esilaba, A., Kabambe, V., ... & Huising, J. (2016). Understanding variability in crop response to fertilizer and amendments in sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 229, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.05.012
Naisanu, J. (2025). The use of black silver plastic mulch and trichocompost on the growth and production of long beans (Vigna sinesis L.). Journal of Education and Tropical Science, 1(2), 18-25. https://journals.widhatulfaeha.id/index.php/jshee/article/view/89
Prem, M., Ranjan, P., Seth, N., & Patle, G. T. (2020). Mulching techniques to conserve the soil water and advance the crop production—A Review. Curr. World Environ, 15, 10-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.15.Special-Issue1.02
Purnamawati, H., & Lubis, I. (2025). Effect of organic and NPK fertilizers on flowering, pod formation, and seed production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy), 53(2), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v53i2.65893
Riry, J., Silahooy, C., Tanasale, V. L., & Makaruku, M. H. (2020). Pengaruh dosis pupuk NPK phonska dan pupuk kotoran sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian, 16(2), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.2.167
Shah, F., & Wu, W. (2019). Soil and crop management strategies to ensure higher crop productivity within sustainable environments. Sustainability, 11(5), 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051485
Yadav, D., KV, R. R., Ayu, A. T., Rajwade, Y., & Verma, N. (2023). Reflective mulch films a boon for enhancing crop production: A review. Environment Conservation Journal, 24(1), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.12962367
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
