Peranan Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bilik Darjah: Satu Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik terhadap Peranan, Cabaran dan Isu Etika
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/anp.jssh.v7i1.10.2026Keywords:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, Bilik Darjah, Etika Digital, Tinjauan Literatur SistematikAbstract
Kecerdasan buatan semakin meluas digunakan dalam bilik darjah, namun bukti mengenai kesannya terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran masih tersebar dan tidak seragam. Tinjauan literatur sistematik ini meneliti peranan kecerdasan buatan dalam meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran guru, cabaran serta risiko pelaksanaannya, dan kesan negatif yang berbangkit apabila penggunaannya tidak dipandu etika. Carian dijalankan menggunakan pangkalan data Scopus, Taylor & Francis dan SpringerLink, disokong oleh alat carian literatur berasaskan kecerdasan buatan pada peringkat pengenalpastian. Proses saringan dilaporkan mengikut kerangka PRISMA dan sintesis dijalankan secara tematik terhadap korpus akhir yang terdiri daripada kajian berbahasa Inggeris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2026. Tiga tema utama terhasil. Pertama, kecerdasan buatan dilaporkan menyokong pengajaran melalui sokongan pedagogi, pembelajaran peribadi, pentaksiran formatif dan pengurangan beban tugas pentadbiran guru. Kedua, cabaran utama yang berulang ialah privasi dan keselamatan data, bias algoritma, serta tahap kesediaan dan literasi kecerdasan buatan dalam kalangan guru. Ketiga, penggunaan tanpa kawalan pedagogi dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran superfisial, kebergantungan pelajar dan risiko terhadap integriti akademik. Tinjauan ini tidak mengumpulkan data primer dan tidak menuntut telah mengukur keberkesanan; bukti meta-analisis dalam bilik darjah sekolah menunjukkan kesan yang kecil dan bergantung kepada reka bentuk penggunaan. Justeru, kecerdasan buatan wajar diperlakukan sebagai alat sokongan pedagogi yang memerlukan garis panduan etika, pembangunan kapasiti guru dan reka bentuk pentaksiran yang sesuai.
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