Biopesticides for Sustainable Agriculture: Formulations, Mechanisms, Regulations, and Market Trends
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/agrotech.v4i2.2.2025Keywords:
Biopesticides, formulations, pests, phytochemicals, controlAbstract
Insects along with plant diseases present substantial obstacles to agricultural operations because they create risks to food safety standards across borders while damaging ecological stability. Biopesticides obtained from microorganisms, plant extracts and natural compounds allow farmers to utilize secure substances which function as alternative substitutes for synthetic pesticides. The broad application of these substances remains limited due to manufacturing price issues combined with rapid degradation under changing environmental elements. This study examines modern biopesticide creation methods that stabilize their operational qualities for wider natural pest management deployment capabilities. A comprehensive research connects available knowledge of pesticides that derive from microorganisms with genetically-modified farming chemicals and their relationship to four microbial groups (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes) and natural plant products and signal molecules and microbial bioactive substances. Modern biopesticide formulation techniques using nanoencapsulation combined with microencapsulation technologies and emulsifiable concentrates and bio-based carriers enhance biopesticide decay resistance time and improve coverage distribution capabilities. Results demonstrate both government support and local backing for green pest management allowing biopesticides to integrate into integrated pest management (IPM). The review unites regulatory documents and academic research with business examples to review improved biopesticide formulations. New technologies in delivery systems make biopesticide formulations work more effectively while simultaneously conserving environmental quality and enhancing their use in agricultural fields. Better biopesticide performance and practical use results from the combination of new biostimulants and adjuvants into synergistic formulations.
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