Pre-Service TVET Teachers’ Readiness to Apply Entrepreneurial Elements: Instrument Content Validity using Content Validity Index (CVI)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53797/ajvah.v6i1.7.2025Keywords:
Content Validity Index (CVI), Readiness to apply, Entrepreneurship, Pre-service TVET teachersAbstract
The transformation in education requires pre-service TVET teachers to be prepared with entrepreneurial elements that can enhance their resilience. The pre-service TVET teachers’ readiness to apply entrepreneurial elements in their field of study needs to be assessed. Therefore, an instrument needs to be identified and evaluated to measure the readiness to apply entrepreneurial elements among pre-service TVET teachers. The content validity is a necessary method to assess an instrument’s suitability as an effective measuring tool. This study will use the Content Validity Index (CVI) method to assess the content validity of an adapted instrument. The evaluated instrument contains 15 items based on three domains. A total of eight panel experts were selected through purposive sampling to participate in this study. The panel experts consisted of five professional experts in psychometrics, assessment, educational psychology, languages, and entrepreneurship and three lay experts who are practitioners in applying entrepreneurial elements in their respective professional fields. The findings show that the adapted instrument has relevant content validity and potentially can measure the readiness to apply entrepreneurial elements among pre-service TVET teachers.
Downloads
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Process, 50, 179–211.
Ali, R. (2019). Sikap keusahawanan dalaman, kompetensi keusahawanan dan kesediaan penerapan elemen Keusahawanan dalam kalangan pensyarah ipg: Implikasi perubahan kurikulum. In Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Ali, R., & Buang, N. A. (2018). Kesediaan pelaksanaan penerapan elemen keusahawanan terhadap struktur kurikulum program ijazah aarjana muda perguruan institut pendidikan guru Malaysia. MUADDIB Jurnal Penyelidikan, 12(1). http://www.myjurnal.my/public/article-view.php?id=148491
Ali, R., & Buang, N. A. (2019). Personaliti keusahawanan sebagai satu keperluan kesediaan penerapan elemen keusahawanan dalam pendidikan. MUADDIB Jurnal Penyelidikan, 13(1), 61–73.
Aluyor, E., & Otoikhian, S. (2021). Reducing unemployment in Nigeria – the role of tertiary institutions in the entrepreneurial development of engineering graduates. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, 36(2), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.51975/21360207.som
Apak, J., & Taat, M. S. (2018). Pengaruh kesediaan guru terhadap pengurusan bilik darjah abad ke-21. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 3(4), 6–22. www.msocialsciences.com
Ary, D., Cheser Jacobs, L., Sorensen Irvine, C. K., & Walker, D. A. (2019). Introduction to research in education (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2020). Research methods for business (8th ed.). Wiley.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education (8th ed.). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publication.
Deveci, I., & Seikkula-Leino, J. (2018). A review of entrepreneurship education in teacher education. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(1), 105–148. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2018.15.1.5
Dorji, T. (2021). Content analysis of entrepreneurship education in primary and secondary school textbooks. Research in Educational Policy and Management, 3(1), 42–59.
Faizu, F. C., & Othman, N. (2020). Tahap pengetahuan asas keusahawanan terhadap keinginan memilih kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar kelas aliran agama. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(2), 240–254.
GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2022). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2021/2022 global report: Opportunity Amid Disruption.
Hassan, S. C., Hassan, N. C., Daud, S. M., & Karim, A. A. (2020). Tahap kesediaan keusahawanan pelajar di institusi pendidikan teknikal dan latihan vokasional (TVET) di Hulu Langat. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 2(3), 1–13. http://myjms.moe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd
Ibrahim, M. Z., Chun, K. E., Idris, J., Aziz, M. A. A., & Rahim, A. K. A. (2019). Efikasi keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar reka bentuk dan teknologi di institut pendidikan guru kampus pendidikan teknik. Jurnal Penyelidikan Teknokrat II, xxi(ii), 101–109.
Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia. (2022). Buku panduan kemahiran insaniah IPGM. In S. I. Nazifah & A. K. Razila (Eds.), Pusat Kecemerlangan Akademik IPGM (Edisi Kema, Issue Jun). Pusat Kecemerlangan Akademik Institut Pendidikan Guru Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Kurikulum standard sekolah rendah: buku panduan elemen keusahawanan. Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. (2020). Pelan tindakan keusahawanan institut pendidikan tinggi (PTK-IPT) 2021-2025. Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi. http://weekly.cnbnews.com/news/article.html?no=124000
Koyuncuoglu, O., & Aydogmus, M. (2021). Relationship between personality traits and social entrepreneurship levels of prospective teachers. Ucuncu Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergi̇si̇, 56(3), 1660–1682. https://doi.org/10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.21.08.1615
Kwesi, D. (2022). Creative methods practicing teacher trainees employ in teaching. Asia-Africa Journal of Education Research, 2(1), 45–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6284816
Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35, 465–472.
Nasir, S. M., & Safran, N. A. A. (2014). Ciri-Ciri keusahawanan dalam kalangan guru pelatih. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 17, 1–8. http://www.ukm.my/personalia/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Paper-1_2014_Shamsiah-et.al_IPGKPT.pdf
Nawi, Z. M., & Othman, N. (2019). Personality traits, school climate and interest of entrepreneurship career among smk students. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 2(December 2020), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijemp.26005
Neto, R. A., Rodrigues, V. P., Polega, M., & Persons, M. (2019). Career adaptability and entrepreneurial behaviour in the K-12 classroom. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 25(1), 90–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2018.1526783
Neto, R. A., Rodrigues, V., & Panzer, S. (2017). Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and teachers’ job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.01.001
Njati, I. C. (2020). Entrepreneurial skills enhancement among bachelor of education science students through entrepreneurship training. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 10(2), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-1002064652
Olorode, O. A., Ogunwuyi, O., & Tejumola, F. O. (2021). Repositioning Nigeria’s teachers training institutions for 21st century: Need for innovative instructional delivery strategies. Trailblazer International Journal of Educational Research, 2(1), 71–78.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29, 489–497. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur
Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. S. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30, 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur
Razak, N. A., & Kutty, F. M. (2021). Daya Tahan, Strategi Daya Tindak Serta Hubungannya Terhadap Tahap Kesejahteraan Psikologi Guru. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(3), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i3.713
Salleh, N. M., Omar, H. C., & Karim, A. A. (2017). Kompetensi keusahawanan siswa guru institut pendidikan guru kampus pendidikan teknik. Jurnal Penyelidikan Teknokrat, ii(xix), 131–143.
Seikkula-Leino, J., Jonsdottir, S. R., Håkansson-Lindqvist, M., & Westerberg, M. (2021). Responding to global challenges through education: Entrepreneurial, sustainable, and pro-environmental education in nordic teacher education curricula. Sustainability, 13(12808), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212808
Thomson, S., Cornelius, S., Kopp, E., & Jaap, V. L. (2021). Boundary crossing in teacher education. Pedagógusképzés, 20(1.), 54–75. https://doi.org/10.37205/tel-hun.2021.1.03
Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Zabidi Abdul Wahab, Siti Zuraidah Md Osman, Noor Hazlina Ahmad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
